Pantoprazol Orifarm may be available in the countries listed below.
Pantoprazole sodium (a derivative of Pantoprazole) is reported as an ingredient of Pantoprazol Orifarm in the following countries:
International Drug Name Search
Octride may be available in the countries listed below.
Octreotide is reported as an ingredient of Octride in the following countries:
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Diclovit may be available in the countries listed below.
Diclofenac is reported as an ingredient of Diclovit in the following countries:
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Aurofac may be available in the countries listed below.
In some countries, this medicine may only be approved for veterinary use.
Chlortetracycline is reported as an ingredient of Aurofac in the following countries:
Chlortetracycline hydrochloride (a derivative of Chlortetracycline) is reported as an ingredient of Aurofac in the following countries:
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Antidepressants may increase the risk of suicidal thoughts or actions in children, teenagers, and young adults. However, depression and certain other mental problems may also increase the risk of suicide. Talk with the patient's doctor to be sure that the benefits of using Fluvoxamine Extended-Release Capsules outweigh the risks.
Families land caregivers must closely watch patients who take Fluvoxamine Extended-Release Capsules. It is important to keep in close contact with the patient's doctor. Tell the doctor right away if the patient has symptoms like worsened depression, suicidal thoughts, or changes in behavior. Discuss any questions with the patient's doctor.
Treating obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.
Fluvoxamine Extended-Release Capsules are a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). It works by restoring the balance of serotonin, a natural substance in the brain, which helps to decrease anxiety and obsessive or compulsive behavior.
Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.
Treatments for depression are getting better everyday and there are things you can start doing right away.
Some medical conditions may interact with Fluvoxamine Extended-Release Capsules. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:
Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Fluvoxamine Extended-Release Capsules. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:
This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if Fluvoxamine Extended-Release Capsules may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.
Use Fluvoxamine Extended-Release Capsules as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.
Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Fluvoxamine Extended-Release Capsules.
All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:
Constipation; decreased sexual ability; diarrhea; dizziness; drowsiness; dry mouth; gas; headache; increased sweating; loss of appetite; nausea; nervousness; sore throat; stomach upset; trouble sleeping; vomiting; weakness; yawning.
Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); bizarre behavior; black or bloody stools; chest pain; confusion; decreased concentration; decreased coordination; exaggerated reflexes; fainting; fast or irregular heartbeat; fever; hallucinations; memory loss; new or worsening agitation, anxiety, depression, panic attacks, aggressiveness, impulsiveness, irritability, hostility, exaggerated feeling of well-being, restlessness, or inability to sit still; painful or unusually heavy menstrual periods; persistent, painful erection; red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin; seizures; severe or persistent headache or trouble sleeping; stiff muscles; stomach pain; suicidal thoughts or attempts; tremor; unusual bruising or bleeding; unusual or severe mental or mood changes; unusual swelling; unusual weakness; vision changes.
This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.
See also: Fluvoxamine side effects (in more detail)
Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately. Symptoms may include chest pain; coma; fast, slow, or irregular heartbeat; seizures; severe or persistent dizziness, drowsiness, diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting; tremor; trouble breathing.
Store Fluvoxamine Extended-Release Capsules at 77 degrees F (25 degrees C). Brief storage at temperatures between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 and 30 degrees C) is permitted. Avoid temperatures above 86 degrees F (30 degrees C). Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep Fluvoxamine Extended-Release Capsules out of the reach of children and away from pets.
This information is summary only. It does not contain all information about Fluvoxamine Extended-Release Capsules. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.
Opeazitro may be available in the countries listed below.
Azithromycin dihydrate (a derivative of Azithromycin) is reported as an ingredient of Opeazitro in the following countries:
International Drug Name Search
Irtan Plus may be available in the countries listed below.
Hydrochlorothiazide is reported as an ingredient of Irtan Plus in the following countries:
Irbesartan is reported as an ingredient of Irtan Plus in the following countries:
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Ondaseprol may be available in the countries listed below.
Ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate (a derivative of Ondansetron) is reported as an ingredient of Ondaseprol in the following countries:
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Ophthalin may be available in the countries listed below.
Hyaluronic Acid sodium salt (a derivative of Hyaluronic Acid) is reported as an ingredient of Ophthalin in the following countries:
International Drug Name Search
Oxalisin may be available in the countries listed below.
Oxaliplatin is reported as an ingredient of Oxalisin in the following countries:
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Omacillin may be available in the countries listed below.
Amoxicillin is reported as an ingredient of Omacillin in the following countries:
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Hiprex 1 g Tablets
Each Hiprex tablet contains methenamine hippurate 1 g.
For excipients see 6.1.
White, oblong tablet with breakline marked HX on one side and 3M on the other.
Hiprex is indicated in the prophylaxis and treatment of urinary tract infections:
1. As maintenance therapy after successful initial treatment of acute infections with antibiotics.
2. As long-term therapy in the prevention of recurrent cystitis.
3. To suppress urinary infection in patients with indwelling catheters and to reduce the incidence of catheter blockage.
4. To provide prophylaxis against the introduction of infection into the urinary tract during instrumental procedures.
5. Asymptomatic bacteriuria.
Adults: 1g twice daily.
In patients with catheters the dosage may be increased to 1g three times daily.
Children under 6 years: Not recommended.
Children: 6-12 years: 500mg twice daily.
Elderly: No special dosage recommendations.
The tablets may be halved, or they can be crushed and taken with a drink of milk or fruit juice if the patient prefers.
Hepatic dysfunction, renal parenchymal infection, severe dehydration, metabolic acidosis, severe renal failure (creatinine clearance or GFR<10 ml/min.) or gout. Hiprex may be used where mild (20-50 ml/min.) to moderate (10-20 ml/min.) renal insufficiency is present. (If the GFR is not available the serum creatinine concentration can be used as a guide.).
Hiprex should not be administered concurrently with sulphonamides because of the possibility of crystalluria, or with alkalising agents, such as a mixture of potassium citrate.
None.
Methenamine hippurate should not be given/administered concurrently with sulphonamides because of the possibility of crystalluria, or with alkalising agents such as potassium citrate. Concurrent use with acetazolamide should be avoided as the desired effect of hexamine will be lost.
There is inadequate evidence of safety of the drug in human pregnancy but it has been in wide use for many years without apparent ill consequence, animal studies having shown no hazard.
Methenamine is excreted in breast milk but the quantities will be insignificant to the infant. Mothers can therefore breast feed their infants.
None.
Occasionally rashes, pruritis,gastric irritation, irritation of the bladder, may occur.
All side effects are reversible on the withdrawal of the drug.
Vomiting and haematuria may occur. These can be treated by the use of an anti-emetic and drinking copious quantities of water respectively. Bladder symptoms can be treated by the consumption of copious quantities of water and 2-3 teaspoonfuls of bicarbonate of soda.
Pharmacotherapeutic group G04A A01
Hiprex is a urinary antibacterial agent with a wide antibacterial spectrum covering both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Urinary antibacterial activity can be shown within 30 minutes of administration.
The chemical structure of methenamine hippurate is such that a two-fold antibacterial action is obtained:
1. The slow release of the bactericidal formaldehyde, from the methenamine part, in the urine; acid pH is necessary for this reaction to occur. It is obtained and maintained there by the presence of hippuric acid.
2. The bacteriostatic effect of hippuric acid itself on urinary tract pathogens.
Methenamine hippurate is readily absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract and excreted via the kidney.
Plasma concentrations of methenamine hippurate reach maximum 1-2 hours after a single dose and then decline with a half-life of about 4 hours. Methenamine recovered in the urine corresponds to about 80% of the dose given per 12 hours.
Not applicable
Magnesium Stearate
Povidone
Colloidal anhydrous silica
Not applicable.
5 years
Do not store above 30°C. Keep bottle tightly closed.
Glass bottles of 60 tablets
None
Meda Pharmaceuticals Ltd
Skyway House
Parsonage Road
Takeley
Bishop's Stortford
CM22 6PU
United Kingdom
PL 15142/0099
12 October 1989/13 September 2005
31st March 2010
Flonorm may be available in the countries listed below.
Rifaximin is reported as an ingredient of Flonorm in the following countries:
International Drug Name Search
Ovulet may be available in the countries listed below.
Clomifene citrate (a derivative of Clomifene) is reported as an ingredient of Ovulet in the following countries:
International Drug Name Search
Tick and Maggot Oil may be available in the countries listed below.
In some countries, this medicine may only be approved for veterinary use.
Clofenvinfos is reported as an ingredient of Tick and Maggot Oil in the following countries:
Cypermethrin is reported as an ingredient of Tick and Maggot Oil in the following countries:
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Ophthalgy may be available in the countries listed below.
Cromoglicic Acid disodium salt (a derivative of Cromoglicic Acid) is reported as an ingredient of Ophthalgy in the following countries:
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Opistan may be available in the countries listed below.
Mefenamic Acid is reported as an ingredient of Opistan in the following countries:
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Generic Name: ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone (ETH in il ess tra DYE ole and nor ETH in drone)
Brand Names: Aranelle, Balziva, Brevicon, Briellyn, Cyclafem 1/35, Cyclafem 7/7/7, Estrostep Fe, Femcon FE, Generess Fe, Gildess FE 1.5/0.03, Gildess FE 1/0.2, Junel 1.5/30, Junel 1/20, Junel Fe 1.5/30, Junel Fe 1/20, Leena, Lo Loestrin Fe, Loestrin 21 1.5/30, Loestrin 21 1/20, Loestrin 24 Fe, Loestrin Fe 1.5/30, Loestrin Fe 1/20, Microgestin 1.5/30, Microgestin 1/20, Microgestin FE 1.5/30, Microgestin FE 1/20, Modicon, Necon 0.5/35, Necon 1/35, Necon 10/11, Necon 7/7/7, Norinyl 1+35, Nortrel 0.5/35, Nortrel 1/35, Nortrel 7/7/7, Ortho-Novum 1/35, Ortho-Novum 7/7/7, Ovcon 35, Ovcon 35 Fe, Ovcon 50, Tilia Fe, Tri-Legest Fe, Tri-Norinyl, Zenchent Fe, Zeosa
Ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone contains a combination of female hormones that prevent ovulation (the release of an egg from an ovary). This medication also causes changes in your cervical mucus and uterine lining, making it harder for sperm to reach the uterus and harder for a fertilized egg to attach to the uterus.
Ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone are used as contraception to prevent pregnancy. It is also used to treat severe acne.
Ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
You may need to use back-up birth control, such as condoms or a spermicide, when you first start using this medication. Follow your doctor's instructions.
Some drugs can make birth control pills less effective, which may result in pregnancy. Tell your doctor about all medications you use. This includes prescription, over-the-counter, vitamin, and herbal products. Do not start a new medication without telling your doctor.
coronary artery disease, a severe or uncontrolled heart valve disorder, untreated or uncontrolled high blood pressure;
a history of a stroke, blood clot, or circulation problems;
a hormone-related cancer such as breast or uterine cancer;
unusual vaginal bleeding that has not been checked by a doctor;
liver disease or liver cancer;
severe migraine headaches; or
a history of jaundice caused by pregnancy or birth control pills.
To make sure you can safely take this medication, tell your doctor if you have any of these other conditions:
high blood pressure or a history of heart disease;
high cholesterol, gallbladder disease, or diabetes;
migraine headaches or a history of depression; or
a history of breast cancer or an abnormal mammogram.
Take exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Do not take in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended. Follow the directions on your prescription label. Take your first pill on the first day of your period or on the first Sunday after your period begins (follow your doctor's instructions).
You may need to use back-up birth control, such as condoms or a spermicide, when you first start using this medication. Follow your doctor's instructions.
The 28-day birth control pack contains seven "reminder" pills to keep you on your regular cycle. Your period will usually begin while you are using these reminder pills.
Take one pill every day, no more than 24 hours apart. When the pills run out, start a new pack the following day. You may get pregnant if you do not use this medication regularly. Get your prescription refilled before you run out of pills completely.
The chewable tablet may be chewed or swallowed whole. If chewed, drink a full glass of water just after you swallow the pill.
If you need surgery or medical tests or if you will be on bed rest, you may need to stop using this medication for a short time. Any doctor or surgeon who treats you should know that you are using birth control pills.
Your doctor will need to check your progress on a regular basis. Do not miss any scheduled appointments.
Missing a pill increases your risk of becoming pregnant. If you miss one "active" pill, take two pills on the day that you remember. Then take one pill per day for the rest of the pack.
If you miss two "active" pills in a row in week one or two, take two pills per day for two days in a row. Then take one pill per day for the rest of the pack. Use back-up birth control for at least 7 days following the missed pills.
If you miss two "active" pills in a row in week three, or if you miss three pills in a row during any of the first 3 weeks, throw out the rest of the pack and start a new one the same day if you are a Day 1 starter. If you are a Sunday starter, keep taking a pill every day until Sunday. On Sunday, throw out the rest of the pack and start a new one that day.
If you miss any reminder pills, throw them away and keep taking one pill per day until the pack is empty. You do not need back-up birth control if you miss a reminder pill.
Birth control pills will not protect you from sexually transmitted diseases--including HIV and AIDS. Using a condom is the only way to protect yourself from these diseases.
sudden numbness or weakness, especially on one side of the body;
sudden severe headache, confusion, problems with vision, speech, or balance;
sudden cough, wheezing, rapid breathing, coughing up blood;
pain, swelling, warmth, or redness in one or both legs;
chest pain or heavy feeling, pain spreading to the arm or shoulder, nausea, sweating, general ill feeling;
a change in the pattern or severity of migraine headaches;
pain in your upper stomach, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes);
a lump in your breast;
swelling in your hands, ankles, or feet; or
symptoms of depression (sleep problems, weakness, mood changes).
Less serious side effects may include:
mild nausea or vomiting, appetite or weight changes;
breast swelling or tenderness;
headache, nervousness, dizziness;
problems with contact lenses;
freckles or darkening of facial skin, loss of scalp hair; or
vaginal itching or discharge.
This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
Some drugs can make ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone less effective, which may result in pregnancy. Before using ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone, tell your doctor if you are using any of the following drugs:
acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ascorbic acid (vitamin C);
bosentan (Tracleer);
prednisolone (Orapred);
St. John's wort;
theophylline (Elixophyllin, Theo-24, Uniphyl);
an antibiotic;
HIV or AIDS medications;
phenobarbital (Solfoton) and other barbiturates; or
seizure medication.
This list is not complete and other drugs may interact with birth control pills. Tell your doctor about all medications you use. This includes prescription, over-the-counter, vitamin, and herbal products. Do not start a new medication without telling your doctor.
See also: Tri-Legest Fe side effects (in more detail)
Opipramol beta may be available in the countries listed below.
Opipramol dihydrochloride (a derivative of Opipramol) is reported as an ingredient of Opipramol beta in the following countries:
International Drug Name Search
Diclofenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It may cause an increased risk of serious and sometimes fatal heart and blood vessel problems (eg, a heart attack, stroke). The risk may be greater if you already have heart problems or if you take Diclofenac for a long time. Do not use Diclofenac right before or after bypass heart surgery.
Diclofenac may cause an increased risk of serious and sometimes fatal stomach ulcers and bleeding. Elderly patients may be at greater risk. This may occur without warning signs.
Treating mild to moderate pain. It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.
Diclofenac is an NSAID. Exactly how it works is not known. It may block certain substances in the body that are linked to inflammation. NSAIDs treat the symptoms of pain and inflammation. They do not treat the disease that causes those symptoms.
Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if this applies to you.
Some medical conditions may interact with Diclofenac. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:
Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Diclofenac. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:
This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if Diclofenac may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.
Use Diclofenac as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.
Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Diclofenac.
All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:
Constipation; diarrhea; dizziness; drowsiness; headache; mild stomach pain or heartburn; nausea; vomiting.
Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; trouble breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); bloody or black, tarry stools; change in the amount of urine produced; chest pain; confusion; depression; fainting; fast or irregular heartbeat; fever, chills, or persistent sore throat; mental or mood changes; numbness of an arm or leg; one-sided weakness; persistent flu-like symptoms; red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin; ringing in the ears; seizures; severe headache or dizziness; severe or persistent stomach pain or nausea; severe vomiting or diarrhea; shortness of breath; sudden or unexplained weight gain; swelling of the hands, legs, or feet; symptoms of liver problems (eg, dark urine, pale stools, persistent loss of appetite, yellowing of the skin or eyes); unusual bruising or bleeding; unusual joint or muscle pain; unusual tiredness or weakness; vision or speech changes; vomit that looks like coffee grounds.
This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.
Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately. Symptoms may include decreased urination; loss of consciousness; seizures; severe dizziness or drowsiness; severe nausea, vomiting, or stomach pain; slow or troubled breathing; tremor; unusual bleeding or bruising; vomit that looks like coffee grounds.
Store Diclofenac at 77 degrees F (25 degrees C). Brief storage at temperatures between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 and 30 degrees C) is permitted. Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep Diclofenac out of the reach of children and away from pets.
This information is summary only. It does not contain all information about Diclofenac. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.
Opilina may be available in the countries listed below.
Oxolamine is reported as an ingredient of Opilina in the following countries:
International Drug Name Search
In the US, Panadol is a member of the drug class miscellaneous analgesics and is used to treat Fever, Muscle Pain, Pain and Sciatica.
UK matches:
Paracetamol is reported as an ingredient of Panadol in the following countries:
International Drug Name Search
Glossary
| SPC | Summary of Product Characteristics (UK) |
Generic Name: cyclosporine (SYE kloe SPOR een)
Brand Names: Gengraf, Neoral, SandIMMUNE
Cyclosporine lowers your body's immune system. The immune system helps your body fight infections. The immune system can also fight or "reject" a transplanted organ such as a liver or kidney. This is because the immune system treats the new organ as an invader.
Cyclosporine is used to prevent organ rejection after a kidney, liver, or heart transplant.
Cyclosporine is also used to treat severe psoriasis or severe rheumatoid arthritis.
Cyclosporine may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide.
If you are being treated for psoriasis, you should not receive light therapy (PUVA or UVB) or radiation treatments while you are receiving cyclosporine. Make sure all doctors involved in your care know you are taking cyclosporine.
You may take cyclosporine with or without food, but take it the same way each time. Cyclosporine should be given in two separate doses each day. Try to take the medication at the same dosing times each day.
kidney disease;
untreated or uncontrolled high blood pressure; or
any type of cancer.
If you have any of these other conditions, you may need a dose adjustment or special tests to safely take cyclosporine:
psoriasis that has been treated with PUVA, UVB, radiation, methotrexate (Trexall), or coal tar; or
if you are also taking an NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) such as ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil), naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn), diclofenac (Voltaren), etodolac (Lodine), indomethacin (Indocin), and others.
Take this medication exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Do not take it in larger amounts or for longer than recommended. Follow the directions on your prescription label.
You may take cyclosporine with or without food, but take it the same way each time. Cyclosporine should be given in two separate doses each day. Try to take the medication at the same dosing times each day.
Measure liquid medicine with a special dose-measuring spoon or cup, not a regular table spoon. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one. Sandimmune oral solution may be mixed with milk, chocolate milk, or orange juice at room temperature to make the medicine taste better. Neoral "modified" (microemulsion) oral solution should be mixed with orange juice or apple juice that is at room temperature.
Cyclosporine can lower blood cells that help your body fight infections. This can make it easier for you to bleed from an injury or get sick from being around others who are ill. To be sure your blood cells do not get too low, your blood will need to be tested on a regular basis. Your blood pressure and kidney function may also need to be checked. Do not miss any scheduled appointments.
Your condition may need to be treated with a combination of different drugs. For best treatment results, use all of your medications as directed by your doctor. Be sure to read the medication guide or patient instructions provided with each of your medications. Do not change your doses or medication schedule without advice from your doctor. Every person taking cyclosporine should remain under the care of a doctor.
See also: Cyclosporine dosage (in more detail)
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, wait until then to take the medicine and skip the missed dose. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.
Overdose can cause nausea, vomiting, pain in your upper stomach, loss of appetite, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes), and urinating less than usual or not at all.
If you are being treated for psoriasis, you should not receive light therapy (PUVA or UVB) or radiation treatments while you are receiving cyclosporine. Make sure all doctors involved in your care know you are taking cyclosporine.
Avoid eating grapefruit or drinking grapefruit juice. Grapefruit may interact with cyclosporine and increase your blood levels of this medication.
urinating less than usual or not at all;
drowsiness, confusion, mood changes, increased thirst;
swelling, weight gain, feeling short of breath;
blurred vision, headache or pain behind your eyes, sometimes with vomiting;
seizure (convulsions);
muscle pain or weakness, fast heart rate, feeling light-headed;
signs of infection such as fever, chills, sore throat, flu symptoms;
pale skin, easy bruising or bleeding, unusual weakness; or
nausea, stomach pain, loss of appetite, itching, dark urine, clay-colored stools, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes).
Less serious side effects may include:
tremors or shaking;
increased hair growth;
headache or body pain;
diarrhea, constipation, vomiting; or
numbness or tingly feeling.
This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
Usual Adult Dose for Organ Transplant -- Rejection Prophylaxis:
IV: 2 to 4 mg/kg/day IV infusion once a day over 4 to 6 hours or
1 to 2 mg/kg IV infusion twice a day over 4 to 6 hours or
2 to 4 mg/kg/day as a continuous IV infusion over 24 hours.
Capsules: 8 to 12 mg/kg/day orally in 2 divided doses.
Solution: 8 to 12 mg/kg orally once a day.
Doses are usually titrated downward with time to maintenance doses as low as 3 to 5 mg/kg/day. All doses should be adjusted to achieve the desired therapeutic concentration.
Usual Adult Dose for Rheumatoid Arthritis:
cyclosporine formulation for emulsion: 5 mg/kg/day orally divided in 2 doses. If possible, anti-inflammatory drugs should be discontinued to help avoid renal toxicity. A maximum dose of 5 mg/kg/day and a maximal increase in serum creatinine levels no more than 30% above baseline values are recommended to minimize renal toxic effects.
Cyclosporine capsules USP modified - Initial dose: 1.25 mg/kg orally twice a day.
Salicylates, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, and oral corticosteroids may be continued. Onset of action generally occurs between 4 and 8 weeks. If insufficient clinical benefit is seen and tolerability is good (including serum creatinine less than 30% above baseline), the dose may be increased by 0.5 to 0.75 mg/kg/day after 8 weeks and again after 12 weeks to a maximum of 4 mg/kg/day. If no benefit is seen by 16 weeks of therapy, cyclosporine capsules USP modified therapy should be discontinued. Dose decreases by 25% to 50% should be made at any time to control adverse events, e.g., hypertension elevations in serum creatinine (30% above the patient's pretreatment level) or clinically significant laboratory abnormalities.
If dose reduction is not effective in controlling abnormalities or if the adverse event or abnormality is severe, cyclosporine capsules USP modified should be discontinued. The same initial dose and dosage range should be used if cyclosporine capsules USP modified is combined with the recommended dose of methotrexate. Most patients can be treated with cyclosporine capsules USP modified doses of 3 mg/kg/day or below when combined with methotrexate doses of up to 15 mg/week.
There is limited long-term treatment data. Recurrence of rheumatoid arthritis disease activity is generally apparent within 4 weeks after stopping cyclosporine.
Usual Adult Dose for Ulcerative Colitis -- Active:
When refractory to corticosteroids: 4 mg/kg/day via continuous IV infusion. The dose should be titrated gradually to achieve clinical efficacy while avoiding unacceptable toxicity. Therapy should be continued for 7 to 14 days. In successful treatments, oral therapy should be instituted after 14 days of IV therapy and continued for 3 to 6 months.
Some clinicians have found a dose of 2 mg/kg/day via continuous IV infusion to be equally effective to the 4 mg/kg/day dosage regimen.
Usual Adult Dose for Psoriasis:
Refractory plaque-type psoriasis: cyclosporine formulation for emulsion: 2.5 mg/kg/day orally in 2 equally divided doses. The dose should be titrated gradually to achieve clinical efficacy while avoiding excessive toxicity. The incidence of serious toxicity increases with time thus limiting the duration of therapy. Disease relapse may occur after discontinuation or reduction in dose. A maximum dose of 5 mg/kg/day and a maximal increase in serum creatinine levels no more than 30% above baseline values are recommended to minimize renal toxic effects.
Cyclosporine capsules USP modified - Initial dose: 1.25 mg/kg twice a day.
Patients should be kept at that dose for at least 4 weeks, barring adverse events. If significant clinical improvement has not occurred in patients by that time, the patient's dosage should be increased at 2 week intervals. Based on patient response, dose increases of approximately 0.5 mg/kg/day should be made to a maximum of 4 mg/kg/day.
Dose decreases by 25% to 50% should be made at any time to control adverse events, e.g., hypertension, elevations in serum creatinine (25% above the patient's pretreatment level), or clinically significant laboratory abnormalities. If dose reduction is not effective in controlling abnormalities, or if the adverse event or abnormality is severe, cyclosporine capsules USP modified should be discontinued.
Patients generally show some improvement in the clinical manifestations of psoriasis in 2 weeks. Satisfactory control and stabilization of the disease may take 12 to 16 weeks to achieve. Treatment should be discontinued if satisfactory response cannot be achieved after 6 weeks at 4 mg/kg/day or the patient's maximum tolerated dose. Once a patient is adequately controlled and appears stable the dose of cyclosporine capsules USP modified should be lowered, and the patient treated with the lowest dose that maintains an adequate response. Doses below 2.5 mg/kg/day may also be equally effective.
Upon stopping treatment with cyclosporine, relapse will occur in approximately 6 weeks (50% of the patients) to 16 weeks (75% of the patients). In the majority of patients rebound does not occur after cessation of treatment with cyclosporine. Long-term experience with cyclosporine capsules USP modified in psoriasis patients is limited and continuous treatment for extended periods greater than one year is not recommended. Alternation with other forms of treatment should be considered in the long-term management of patients with this lifelong disease.
Usual Pediatric Dose for Organ Transplant -- Rejection Prophylaxis:
IV: 2 to 4 mg/kg/day IV infusion once a day over 4 to 6 hours or
1 to 2 mg/kg IV infusion twice a day over 4 to 6 hours or
2 to 4 mg/kg/day as a continuous IV infusion over 24 hours.
Capsules: 8 to 12 mg/kg/day orally in 2 divided doses.
Solution: 8 to 12 mg/kg orally once a day.
Doses are usually titrated downward with time to maintenance doses as low as 3 to 5 mg/kg/day. All doses should be adjusted to achieve the desired therapeutic concentration.
Many drugs can interact with cyclosporine. Below is just a partial list. Tell your doctor about all other medications you are using, especially:
etoposide (VePesid, Etopophos);
lithium (Eskalith, Lithobid);
methotrexate (Rheumatrex, Trexall);
nefazodone;
repaglinide (Prandin);
St. John's wort;
an ACE inhibitor such as benazepril (Lotensin), captopril (Capoten), enalapril (Vasotec), fosinopril (Monopril), lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril), moexipril (Univasc), perindopril (Aceon), quinapril (Accupril), ramipril (Altace), or trandolapril (Mavik);
a heart or blood pressure medication such as candesartan (Atacand), eprosartan (Teveten), irbesartan (Avapro, Avalide), losartan (Cozaar, Hyzaar), valsartan (Diovan), telmisartan (Micardis), or olmesartan (Benicar);
medicines used to treat ulcerative colitis, such as mesalamine (Pentasa) or sulfasalazine (Azulfidine);
other medicines used to prevent organ transplant rejection, such as sirolimus (Rapamune) or tacrolimus (Prograf);
pain or arthritis medicines such as aspirin (Anacin, Excedrin), acetaminophen (Tylenol), diclofenac (Voltaren), etodolac (Lodine), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), indomethacin (Indocin), naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn), and others;
IV antibiotics such as amphotericin B (Fungizone, AmBisome, Amphotec, Abelcet), amikacin (Amikin), bacitracin (Baci-IM), capreomycin (Capastat), gentamicin (Garamycin), kanamycin (Kantrex), streptomycin, or vancomycin (Vancocin, Vancoled);
antiviral medicines such as adefovir (Hepsera), cidofovir (Vistide), or foscarnet (Foscavir); or
cancer medicine such as aldesleukin (Proleukin), carmustine (BiCNU, Gliadel), cisplatin (Platinol), ifosfamide (Ifex), oxaliplatin (Eloxatin), streptozocin (Zanosar), or tretinoin (Vesanoid).
Propamide may be available in the countries listed below.
Chlorpropamide is reported as an ingredient of Propamide in the following countries:
International Drug Name Search
Opelansol may be available in the countries listed below.
Lansoprazole is reported as an ingredient of Opelansol in the following countries:
International Drug Name Search
OeKolp may be available in the countries listed below.
Estriol is reported as an ingredient of OeKolp in the following countries:
International Drug Name Search
Generic Name: carbamazepine (oral) (kar ba MAZ e peen)
Brand Names: Carbatrol, Epitol, Equetro, TEGretol, TEGretol XR
Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant. It works by decreasing nerve impulses that cause seizures and pain.
Carbamazepine is used to treat seizures and nerve pain such as trigeminal neuralgia and diabetic neuropathy. Carbamazepine is also used to treat bipolar disorder.
Carbamazepine may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
Before you take carbamazepine, tell your doctor if you have heart disease, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, liver or kidney disease, glaucoma, a thyroid disorder, lupus, porphyria, or a history of mental illness or psychosis.
Treatments for depression are getting better everyday and there are things you can start doing right away.
There are many other drugs that can interact with carbamazepine. Tell your doctor about all medications you use. This includes prescription, over-the-counter, vitamin, and herbal products. Do not start a new medication without telling your doctor. Keep a list of all your medicines and show it to any healthcare provider who treats you.
a history of bone marrow suppression
if you are also taking nefazodone; or
if you are allergic to an antidepressant such as amitriptyline (Elavil, Vanatrip, Limbitrol), desipramine (Norpramin), imipramine (Tofranil), or nortriptyline (Pamelor).
To make sure you can safely take carbamazepine, tell your doctor if you have any of these other conditions:
heart disease, high blood pressure, high cholesterol or triglycerides;
liver or kidney disease;
glaucoma;
a thyroid disorder;
lupus;
porphyria; or
a history of mental illness or psychosis.
Patients of Asian ancestry may have a higher risk of developing a rare but serious skin reaction to carbamazepine. Your doctor may recommend a blood test before you start the medication to determine your risk of this skin reaction.
Your family or other caregivers should also be alert to changes in your mood or symptoms. Your doctor will need to check you at regular visits. Do not miss any scheduled appointments.
You may have thoughts about suicide while taking this medication. Tell your doctor if you have new or worsening depression or suicidal thoughts during the first several months of treatment, or whenever your dose is changed.
Take exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Do not take in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended. Follow the directions on your prescription label. Your doctor may occasionally change your dose to make sure you get the best results.
You may open the extended-release capsule and sprinkle the medicine into a spoonful of pudding or applesauce to make swallowing easier. Swallow right away without chewing. Do not save the mixture for later use. Discard the empty capsule.
To be sure this medication is not causing harmful effects, your blood cells and kidney function may need to be tested often. Do not miss any follow up visits to your doctor for blood or urine tests. Your doctor may also recommend having your eyes checked regularly while you are taking carbamazepine.
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.
Overdose symptoms may include shallow breathing, fast heartbeat, nausea, vomiting, urinating less or not at all, muscle twitches, restlessness, tremors, slurred speech, staggering walk, and feeling light-headed or fainting.
Grapefruit and grapefruit juice may interact with carbamazepine and lead to potentially dangerous effects. Discuss the use of grapefruit products with your doctor.
pale skin, feeling light-headed, rapid heart rate, trouble concentrating;
fever, chills, sore throat, mouth and throat ulcers;
easy bruising or bleeding, severe tingling, numbness, pain, muscle weakness;
confusion, agitation, vision problems, hallucinations;
feeling short of breath, swelling of your ankles or feet;
urinating less than usual;
jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes); or
severe skin reaction -- fever, sore throat, swelling in your face or tongue, burning in your eyes, skin pain, followed by a red or purple skin rash that spreads (especially in the face or upper body) and causes blistering and peeling.
Less serious side effects may include:
feeling dizzy, drowsy, or unsteady;
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, stomach pain;
headache, ringing in your ears;
dry mouth, swollen tongue; or
joint or muscle pain, leg cramps.
This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
This list is not complete and there are many other drugs that can interact with carbamazepine. Tell your doctor about all medications you use. This includes prescription, over-the-counter, vitamin, and herbal products. Do not start a new medication without telling your doctor. Keep a list of all your medicines and show it to any healthcare provider who treats you.
See also: Epitol side effects (in more detail)
